Nginx 反向代理与缓存策略实战

缓存配置（节选）

proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=STATIC:10m max_size=1g inactive=30m use_temp_path=off;

server {
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  server_name example.com;

  ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/certs/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/privkey.pem;

  gzip on;
  gzip_types text/css application/javascript application/json image/svg+xml;

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://upstream_app;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    proxy_cache STATIC;
    proxy_cache_valid 200 301 302 10m;
    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
    proxy_cache_bypass $http_authorization;

    add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
  }
}

要点与验证

• 为可缓存的静态与接口响应设置合适的 Cache-Control 与 ETag。
• 通过 curl -I 或日志中的 X-Cache-Status 验证缓存命中情况（HIT/BYPASS/MISS）。
• 启用 HTTP/2 与压缩提升传输效率；TLS 证书与密钥路径需正确配置。