前端可访问性测试自动化：Axe、Playwright 与WCAG对齐实践

前端可访问性测试自动化：Axe、Playwright 与WCAG对齐实践技术背景可访问性（a11y）需要持续的规则校验与交互验证。结合 Axe 的规则扫描与 Playwright 的端到端测试，可在 CI 阶段建立自动化门禁，确保与 WCAG 标准对齐。核心内容Playwright + Axe 集成（示例）// tests/a11y.spec.ts

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

import AxeBuilder from '@axe-core/playwright';

test('首页可访问性校验', async ({ page }) => {

await page.goto('https://app.example.com');

const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })

.withTags(['wcag2a', 'wcag2aa'])

.analyze();

expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);

});

交互流程与焦点校验test('焦点顺序与键盘可达性', async ({ page }) => {

await page.goto('https://app.example.com');

await page.keyboard.press('Tab');

const active1 = await page.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.id);

await page.keyboard.press('Tab');

const active2 = await page.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.id);

expect(active1).not.toBe(active2);

});

CI 门禁（思路）# .github/workflows/a11y.yml

name: a11y-guard

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:

test:

runs-on: ubuntu-latest

steps:

- uses: actions/checkout@v4

- uses: actions/setup-node@v4

with: { node-version: '20' }

- run: pnpm i --frozen-lockfile

- run: pnpm exec playwright install --with-deps

- run: pnpm test:a11y

技术验证参数在企业/消费级应用（Chrome 128/Edge 130，CI 集成）：规则对齐（wcag2a/2aa）：≥ 95%焦点与键盘可达性覆盖：主流程 100%门禁拦截率：≥ 85%应用场景合规要求与公共服务场景多团队协作与持续交付组件库与页面模板的质量保障最佳实践规则扫描与交互测试并行，防止漏检将 a11y 门禁纳入 CI/CD，与性能/安全门禁协同提供可读的修复建议与回归验证