Kubernetes 资源配额与自动扩缩容实战

Deployment 与资源请求/限制apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: web spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: web template: metadata: labels: app: web spec: containers: - name: web image: nginx:1.25 resources: requests: cpu: "200m" memory: "256Mi" limits: cpu: "500m" memory: "512Mi" HPA（autoscaling/v2）按 CPU 利用率扩缩容apiVersion: autoscaling/v2 kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler metadata: name: web-hpa spec: scaleTargetRef: apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment name: web minReplicas: 2 maxReplicas: 10 metrics: - type: Resource resource: name: cpu target: type: Utilization averageUtilization: 60 命名空间级配额与限制示例apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: rq-basic spec: hard: pods: "50" requests.cpu: "10" requests.memory: "20Gi" limits.cpu: "20" limits.memory: "40Gi" apiVersion: v1 kind: LimitRange metadata: name: lr-default spec: limits: - type: Container default: cpu: "500m" memory: "512Mi" defaultRequest: cpu: "200m" memory: "256Mi" max: cpu: "2" memory: "2Gi" min: cpu: "100m" memory: "128Mi" 验证要点安装 `metrics-server` 以使 HPA 可获取资源使用率。使用 `kubectl describe hpa/web-hpa` 观察当前指标与扩缩容事件。使用 `kubectl top pods` 验证 CPU/内存使用情况。