Kafka Schema Registry 兼容策略与演进（Backward/Forward/Full 与验证）

概述Schema演进需保证生产者与消费者在不同版本共存时的兼容。通过设置Backward、Forward或Full兼容策略，并在发布前进行兼容性检查，可降低模式变更带来的风险。关键实践与参数全局或主题兼容性: `BACKWARD` `FORWARD` `FULL` `NONE`演进规则: 仅新增可选字段、避免删除或改类型版本治理: 在CI中执行兼容检查并保留版本回滚策略: 不兼容时拒绝注册或快速回退示例/配置/实现curl -s -X PUT http://schema:8081/config -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"compatibility":"BACKWARD"}' curl -s -X PUT http://schema:8081/config/orders-value -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"compatibility":"FULL"}' { "type": "record", "name": "Order", "fields": [ { "name": "id", "type": "string" }, { "name": "status", "type": "string" } ] } { "type": "record", "name": "Order", "fields": [ { "name": "id", "type": "string" }, { "name": "status", "type": "string" }, { "name": "amount", "type": ["null", "double"], "default": null } ] } curl -s -X POST http://schema:8081/subjects/orders-value/versions -H 'Content-Type: application/vnd.schemaregistry.v1+json' -d '{"schema":"<SCHEMA_JSON_ESCAPED>"}' curl -s http://schema:8081/compatibility/subjects/orders-value/versions/latest -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"schema":"<NEW_SCHEMA_JSON_ESCAPED>"}' 验证兼容检查: 注册新版本前返回兼容结果为true生产消费: 旧消费者忽略新增可选字段, 生产者可发送新字段回滚验证: 将策略调整为严格兼容时不允许破坏性变更审计: 记录模式版本与变更说明以追踪注意事项严禁删除必填字段或变更类型统一版本治理流程与CI检查将主题的Key与Value分别管理兼容策略保持测试覆盖与回滚脚本