"GraphQL授权与字段级访问控制实施指南"

GraphQL授权与字段级访问控制实施指南概述在GraphQL中需要对字段与类型实施细粒度授权。通过指令与中间层评估可实现统一的访问控制。指令设计directive @auth( role: String, permission: String ) on FIELD_DEFINITION | OBJECT 中间层评估type Context = { userId: string; roles: string[]; permissions: string[] } function hasRole(ctx: Context, role?: string): boolean { return role ? ctx.roles.includes(role) : true } function hasPermission(ctx: Context, perm?: string): boolean { return perm ? ctx.permissions.includes(perm) : true } function evaluateAuth(ctx: Context, args: { role?: string; permission?: string }): boolean { return hasRole(ctx, args.role) && hasPermission(ctx, args.permission) } 字段包装function wrapResolver(resolver: Function, guard: (ctx: any) => boolean): Function { return async (parent: any, args: any, ctx: any, info: any) => { if (!guard(ctx)) throw new Error('forbidden') return resolver(parent, args, ctx, info) } } 示例type Query { user(id: ID!): User @auth(permission: "users:read") } type User @auth(role: "admin") { id: ID! email: String profile: String } 复杂度治理function limitComplexity(cost: number, max: number): void { if (cost > max) throw new Error('complexity_exceeded') } 运维要点将授权策略与Schema正交，使用指令与包装器强制执行按字段与类型记录授权拒绝与复杂度超限事件在CI对Schema变化进行授权标注检查通过指令与统一评估，可实现GraphQL字段级的可验证授权控制。