Kubernetes 资源配额与自动扩缩容实战

Deployment 与资源请求/限制apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

name: web

spec:

replicas: 2

selector:

matchLabels:

app: web

template:

metadata:

labels:

app: web

spec:

containers:

- name: web

image: nginx:1.25

resources:

requests:

cpu: "200m"

memory: "256Mi"

limits:

cpu: "500m"

memory: "512Mi"

HPA（autoscaling/v2）按 CPU 利用率扩缩容apiVersion: autoscaling/v2

kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler

metadata:

name: web-hpa

spec:

scaleTargetRef:

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

name: web

minReplicas: 2

maxReplicas: 10

metrics:

- type: Resource

resource:

name: cpu

target:

type: Utilization

averageUtilization: 60

命名空间级配额与限制示例apiVersion: v1

kind: ResourceQuota

metadata:

name: rq-basic

spec:

hard:

pods: "50"

requests.cpu: "10"

requests.memory: "20Gi"

limits.cpu: "20"

limits.memory: "40Gi"

apiVersion: v1

kind: LimitRange

metadata:

name: lr-default

spec:

limits:

- type: Container

default:

cpu: "500m"

memory: "512Mi"

defaultRequest:

cpu: "200m"

memory: "256Mi"

max:

cpu: "2"

memory: "2Gi"

min:

cpu: "100m"

memory: "128Mi"

验证要点安装 `metrics-server` 以使 HPA 可获取资源使用率。使用 `kubectl describe hpa/web-hpa` 观察当前指标与扩缩容事件。使用 `kubectl top pods` 验证 CPU/内存使用情况。